One is the set of global institutions, such as the World Trade Organization, global financial markets, the War Crimes Tribunals and the new global cosmopolitanism.
However, there is a second set of processes, frequently. A rich collection of diverse voices, Sociology of Globalization examines the processes of globalization as well as its impact on people around the world.
It looks beyond the headlines, stereotypes, and hype and features a balanced selection of classic scholarship and theory, cutting-edge research, and engaging journalism. Key pieces from. Sociological Perspectives on Globalisation. The work deals with an interesting collection of essays by specialists scholars on different aspects of sociological perspectives on globalization.
These essays thirteen in number discuss all relevant aspects of globalization at national and international level. The book will be of immense academic value to sociologists, social anthropologists, politics, cultural.
Globalization, Knowledge and Society. Globalization, Knowledge and Society addresses the issues involved in the development of sociology as a global discipline and the increasing interpenetration of national traditions, cultures and economies through global change. Cram Just the FACTS studyguides give all of the outlines, highlights, notes, and quizzes for your textbook with optional online comprehensive practice tests.
Only Cram is Textbook Specific. Accompanys: This volume studies the relation between globalization and inequalities in emerging societies by linking Area and Global Studies, aiming at a new theory of inequality beyond the nation state and beyond Eurocentrism. Cram Just the FACTS studyguides gives all of the outlines, highlights, and quizzes for your textbook with optional online comprehensive practice tests. Accompanies: This item is printed on demand.
Few of the top-ranked Bachelor of Sociology degree programs in the United States require students to complete a course dedicated to global issues within the discipline.
Among those that do are several online sociology degree programs, including the Bachelor of Arts in Sociology program at the authors' institution, Brandman University. In , the first author developed a fully online course on the sociology of globalization for the university.
This case study describes the authors' experience conducting exploratory, pilot survey research of student opinions on the effectiveness of pedagogical techniques used in the course. Although our research suggests that online instruction is at least as effective as traditional classroom instruction on the sociology of globalization, our study presented major limitations resulting in weak and questionable data.
These limitations include a low survey response rate, the absence of controls, and the reliance on student opinions and perspectives without also assessing student learning. Thus, our study calls for future methodological revisions as well as further studies on effective techniques for teaching the sociology of globalization fully online.
Politics of Globalization presents an up-to-date perspective on the kaleidoscopic politics of globalization. The authors analyze the existing definitions of capitalism and argue that globalization and the consequent growing multi-polarity in world politics is not a crisis but a proliferation of capitalisms.
This network of capitalisms becomes the framework of the politics of the new globalization. This compilation by social scientists across the globe is an empirical and theoretical exploration of the political responses to globalization. The authors examine the impacts of the decline of US domination in trade and finance and compare it to the rise of Asian economies, with special focus on China and India. The articles explore the multiple impacts of globalization: the impact of new global political relations on 21st century international division of labour, the relation between gender equality and globalization, trade union politics and globalization, ecological politics and globalization discourse, dual citizenship and global politics, and globalization of language and culture.
They also discuss the anti-globalization movements and argue that these might change the course of current trends in globalization processes. This book will be hold great value for social scientists and economists as well as politicians, social activists, and other professionals interested in the study of globalization and its consequences.
Education is seen as central to economic competitiveness, the reduction of poverty and inequality, and environmental sustainability. The editors have selected key writings that examine the social and economic limits- and possibilities of-education in addressing these fundamental problems. Thisnew reader establishes the field of sociology of education with a particular focus on papers that analyse the nature and extent of globalization in education. A general introduction presents the key concepts in the sociology of education, and outlines the major theories and debates, especially inrelation to globalization.
Each section is accompanied by a part opener explaining and contextualizing the readings within a larger educational and sociological context. Incorporating original fieldwork carried out over a period of more than ten years, combined with innovative theoretical argument, Globalization, Culture and Society in Laos presents one of the first sociological investigations into modern Laos.
Boike Rehbein gives a fascinating overview of contemporary Lao culture and society, whilst linking local and national phenomena to tendencies of globalization and the history of the region. The book introduces a new theoretical approach based on the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, applying this sociology to the interpretation of Lao history.
It also examines various aspects of Lao culture and society, including economics, politics, language, higher education, music, and religion. Rehbein concludes by attempting to synthesize these cultural elements with the impact of globalization to give a synopsis of contemporary Lao society. Written by an expert in Lao history and culture, familiar with the language and the people, this book will be of huge interest to students and scholars of Laos, Southeast Asia, social theory and globalization.
Contemporary Economic Sociology closely examines critical and contemporary issues in the sociology of economic life. Bringing together a range of theoretical perspectives, Fran Tonkiss examines major shifts in the organization of economy and society - from the politics of globalization to the cultural economy, social exclusion and the 'end' of class.
This new volume is organized around three core themes globalization, production and inequality and answers the questions: how are transnational processes re-making contemporary economies? This book takes politics and economics seriously and sees these as an important part of sociology. If culture is looked at separately from economic and political relations then the economic and political power, inequality and conflict that affects culture is overlooked.
This makes cultural globalization seem more equal and benign than it really is. Some sociologists separate their studies of cultural globalization from their studies of political-economic relations.
Consequently their awareness of conflict, inequality and power in politics and economics becomes separated from the more benign, equal and cosmopolitan picture they have of culture for instance, see Beck , and Nederveen Pieterse a, b. For a sociology of globalization that incorporates political economy and so power, inequality and conflict see Bourdieu , , To take an interdisciplinary perspective is distinctively sociological. Sociology has, from its founding days, drawn on economic and political perspectives and dealt with issues such as capitalism, ownership, the division of labour, economic class, and the role of the nation-state.
Consequently, sociology is well equipped to deal with modernity, capitalism and the state, some of the main institutions in globalization. Some of the core themes of sociology are at the heart of this book: such as power, inequality and social divisions and inequalities such as class and gender. Sociology does not have a monopoly on understanding such themes and to make sense of them I will draw on economic and political perspectives.
So this book looks at some important conventionally sociological topics, migration and the movement of people, the media, culture and social movements. But it also identifies inequality and power as distinctively sociological preoccupations to look out for in globalization. Furthermore it argues that the economy, politics and war, often left out of sociology, are sociological. They are part of society and they affect society, social relations and social structures.
If you want to narrow-mindedly rule such things out from being the proper concern of sociology then this leaves out some of the major factors affecting social life and especially behind power, inequality and conflict.
This makes sociology into a perspective which turns away from the realities of society, especially its harsher realities. There is a danger of fetishising the new in recent perspectives on globalization.
Cosmopolitanism is seen to be more appropriate to a new global era. It is argued that we need to break with old approaches and develop new perspectives which fit with a world in which cultures intermingle, where foci on the nation-state or capitalist economic power are too methodologically nationalist or economically determinist, where societies are no longer neatly bounded within national borders, and global identities such as human rights and hybridity are taking over for instance, see Beck , Urry There are problems with this advocacy of a cosmopolitan sociology.
A The old sociology was quite international in its outlook Turner Cosmopolitan sociologists overstate the novelty of contemporary cosmopolitan views.
B Rejecting classical sociology as too economistic and statist undermines an understanding of the role of economic power and the state in globalization. This leads to a picture of culture and social relations which does not show how they are unequal and power- laden because of economic and political structures. C Leaving out economic and political power is done in a way which is theoretically elegant and pleasing, but is not empirical enough.
The argument is made mainly theoretically in the face of empirical evidence which shows the role of capitalist and state power.
D One empirical absence in cosmopolitanism is the focus of its advocates on their own parts of the world, especially old Europe and North America, and to a lesser extent other fast growing societies, with little attention paid to large parts of the world afflicted by poverty and war.
The former fit the cosmopolitan story better than the latter, although even the former are also distinctly uncosmopolitan when it comes to things like immigration and economic protectionism. E Cosmopolitanism is put forward as a new perspective in tune with the new global and intermixed world. There is a fetishisation of the new over the old such that anything that is old is labelled outmoded, unsophisticated or out of date even if empirical evidence shows it has a stronger hold on explaining things.
Or categorising something as old and outmoded is used as a way of dismissing it in place of dismissing it with a convincing critique of its theoretical cogency or, more importantly, empirical evidence. F As well as a lack of emphasis on empirical evidence there is contradiction. Some of those who reject the old approaches combine their new cosmopolitan arguments with other arguments which show the role of state and capitalist power. Some of these points are developed more in Martell , and in this book.
Themes of the book There are number of themes running through this book. Economic bases of globalization. As has been mentioned, many sociological studies of globalization have focused on culture and some have argued for a shift away from economic determinism. Culture has heavily shaped globalization and globalization has a lot to do with the transnationalisation and intermingling of cultures and local cultural responses to global cultures.
The interaction between globalization and culture and identities is exciting, important, full of possibilities and is discussed in this book. But it is difficult to see many areas of globalization where lying behind them are not also economic structures which affect the equality or power relations with which globalization is produced or received, or economic incentives to do with making money.
My argument is not just about the economics behind globalization, but capitalist economics, the pursuit of profit by private owners. Other factors tailor and shape globalization and the economics of profit is not the only causal factor or one that goes in a simple unlinear direction unaffected by other forces.
But it is very often a significant driving force. Globalization is historical. It started long before the recent years of information technology, the end of the cold war or even the end of the second world war. It has its bases earlier in the development of capitalism and industrialism and the institutions, technologies and incentives these systems brought along.
These provided the biggest qualitative leap in globalization and are behind many forms of globalization today. They were not just the key starting point but also the basis for current forms. At the same time it is less plausible that globalization, or the bases for current globalization, started before this. While Europe and the West were still relatively backward other more sophisticated parts of the world were practicing long-distance trade, religion and expansion but these were not truly globalization.
Sceptical perspectives on globalization. Sociology is historically a critical discipline, and a critical but open-minded approach is healthy and in part what academic research should be about. Being critical about globalization leads to some sceptical conclusions, including doubts about whether what is called globalization really is, or whether international structures and processes in the world match up to the criteria for globalization.
What many people describe when they talk about globalization is happening. Describing it as globalization gives it a meaning which is misleading as to its true character. The sceptical view is linked to another theme of this book.
Globalization is structured by power, inequality and conflict. Some are agents in globalization more than others, and some are more integrated and others excluded. Structures and processes described as globalization are significant so studying these is important. Power, inequality and conflict. Many analyses of globalization have been critical and see it as a problematic process: neoliberalism imposed on parts of the world by the West leading to negative consequences; or American imperialism played out through the media, exploitative multinational corporations or military power; to take a couple of examples.
Others in sociology, reacting against this view, see globalization as a more positive, equalising, democratic and benign process bringing an intermingling of cultures in a new cosmopolitanism, and the generalisation of positive values such as universal human rights. One of my aims is to investigate some of these latter perspectives and in doing so themes of power, inequality and conflict come to the fore.
This books adds to the literature on globalization by taking distinctive concerns from sociology. It has an emphasis on critical analysis, that examines power, inequality and conflict in global relations. It puts arguments about globalization to the test of theoretical coherence and empirical evidence. It looks for interdisciplinary links and a holistic view, outlining important social relations of culture and migration but seeing these as not separable from political and economic structures.
As well as breadth in perspective the book is broad in the range of areas of globalization discussed, from hybrid cultures to worldwide wars.
The book aims to be accessible to an audience that is relatively new to this area, but without sacrificing its own arguments. Being critical can lead in different directions.
In this book it leads to some partly pessimistic conclusions. Globalization may not be as developed as it seems. Insofar as it is, the picture is not as rosy as it might appear. The aim to solve world problems through global politics is well-meant but optimistic and hopeful. It is important to be negative if this is the most accurate conclusion to come to. But alongside doubts about globalization and global politics this book has positive political arguments, for instance about how things could be made better in relation to migration, global poverty and international politics.
It argues that it is necessary to include national politics but go beyond them. At the level of global politics there is power, inequality and conflict. Consensus and commonality cannot always be achieved here because of inequalities, power and differences of interest and ideology. A politics of conflict between different sides might be necessary. This may involve the poorer and less powerful allying internationally against the richer and more powerful. This involves a politics which is international rather than just national or global and conflictual rather than cosmopolitan or consensual.
Political and Pluralist Perspectives on globalization One of the striking things about the literature on globalization is that positions which see globalization happening or are sceptical about its existence do not break down along clear ideological lines. Normatively and prescriptively there are divisions between neoliberals and Marxists, and sometimes empirically on the consequences of it, but at the descriptive level about the fact of whether economic globalization is happening the split between globalists and sceptics is not along the lines of political ideology.
I have outlined some political ideology perspectives on globalization in the table below. These will come up again throughout the book. Table i: Political Ideologies and Globalization Globalization happening? Globalization Good or Bad? Descriptive Normative Neoliberals Yes Good Globalist marxists Yes Bad for socialist reasons Conservative nationalists Yes Bad for nationalist reasons Social Democratic No Bad because a unequal, ie not global; b or sceptics not route to solving poverty protectionism better Social Democratic Yes Good, if subjected to global regulation globalists One issue discussed in this book is the tendency towards pluralist, hybrid, and multidimensional views of globalization.
Such views see globalization as operating at different levels from the economic to the cultural or political. Sometimes emphases on multidimensionality are trying to get away from perspectives which focus mainly on economic globalization. Some views emphasise globalization as a hybrid and mixed phenomena with inputs from many different parts of the world and not just westernised or homogenising. For others globalization is pluralistic and localised in its effects, its reception varying depending on where it is received.
Globalization is also driven by a multiplicity of factors rather than being reducible to single or selected causes. Globalization is multidimensional, hybrid, localised in its effects, and multicausal. Pluralistic views of globalization are an improvement on earlier sweeping general theories, less popular nowadays, which see globalization rolling out in a similar manner across the world.
But there is a danger of being pluralist without analysing if there is primacy or greater causality at some levels; whether amongst the plural factors some are more dominant or have a causal effect on the others.
To say globalization is multidimensional is helpful and brings out its mix. It is also important not to separate off these plural factors, focusing on each as if separate from others and distracting from causal relations between them. Defining globalization is important because it affects other issues discussed in this book, such as when globalization started. Globalization is a powerful discourse or ideational force. It has an impact on how we see the world and behave.
The picture of globalization as inclusive, unifying and general makes it seem positive, whereas other definitions are more pessimistic.
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